Author: Mariam Shulqamy, Researcher, Society and Urban Form (SURF) Research Lab, University of Cyprus.

I am grateful to the TWIN2EXPAND project for the opportunity to embark on a research placement at the Space Syntax Laboratory, the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, London. I was excited to learn more about the space syntax method directly from the place where it was originally developed.

Let’s begin with a captivating definition of design that emerged during our class discussions with Prof. Kayvan Karimi: “Design is the process of going from an existing condition to a preferred one.” While this definition seems simple and straightforward, it raises the question: how can this process be informed by reliable and scientific research evidence?

The endeavour to create more sustainable cities poses numerous challenges for contemporary urban design and planning. These challenges are anticipated to become even more intricate in the future, prompting the need for innovative urban design methods. These methods should rely on credible research evidence and analysis to inform the design process, evaluate proposals and mitigate the risks of failure.

Space Syntax theory proposes that space is an inherent element within society and the key generator of cities. The related methods analyse spatial layouts and human activity patterns in buildings and urban areas, establishing a connection between the configuration of space and social outcomes. They provide tools for investigating the built environment with a view to understanding how spatial design influences patterns of human behavioural activities. Originally developed in the 1970s by Prof Bill Hillier, Prof Julienne Hanson and their colleagues at The Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, (with the primary aim of investigating the interrelationship between space and society) the theory has evolved to produced analytical systems to correlate spatial forms with the movement of people, incorporating social, economic and functional dimensions. The methods involve ‘breaking down’ spaces into components, modelling them as interrelated parts, and analysing them as networks of potential choices. The resulting maps and graphics illustrate the connection and interaction among these patterns of space, reflecting different properties of their configuration.

It may seem obvious now, but it is fascinating to think that until recently, the way space is arranged in towns and cities (pattern of space) wasn’t given much thought. This was particularly evident during an enlightening city walk in London led by Professor Alan Penn and Kayvan Karimi, one of the most engaging activities of my recent placement. This walking lecture was designed to immerse us in the spaces between buildings in the city, unravelling the unique spatial culture they embody. Our journey took us through both well-known and hidden nooks of London, offering insights into the diverse public spaces that shape the city’s culture. It was more than just a walk; it was an eye-opening experience that introduced us to the core principles of Space Syntax and reshaped the way we understand and look at cities. As a walking lecture, it simulated how we move through space in real life and showed how our perception of space evolves as we move through the city. This hands-on approach brought to light a key insight: space, and how the buildings are positioned and clustered to create space, act as the very generator of activity in urban areas. Winding through the streets, lanes, and alleyways of London, it became clear that the organization of space is far from passive. It is dynamic, constantly influencing and being influenced by urban life.

The city walk experience wasn’t just a normal tour; it was a live lesson in seeing the urban environment as a living entity, where every space tells a story and shapes city life. During the city walk, one of the most interesting examples of space syntax application I encountered was at the Bloomberg headquarters, an office building located in the heart of the city, designed by Foster + Partners. The simplicity yet effectiveness of the proposed intervention struck me as particularly impressive.  Space Syntax Limited, one of the TWIN2EXPAND partners, was appointed to consult on the design of this project, both externally and internally. Their role involved conducting a spatial analysis to understand the existing movement patterns around the site, enabling them to test the strength of proposed pathways through the site, and to assess the locations of public spaces and land uses in relation to pedestrian movement. As a result of the analysis, the design was adapted to reinstate the historic Watling Street (shown in figure 2), which involved splitting the building.

This intervention wasn’t just about aesthetics; it was about fostering a connected and integrated environment. This simple intervention highlighted the power of using spatial modelling techniques not only to improve the experience for the building’s workers, but also for people across the city by enhancing the overall urban fabric. This project is a testament to how analytical design, informed by reliable scientific evidence, can have far-reaching positive impacts.

Throughout my time at UCL, space syntax stood out as one of the most reliable methods to inform the process of evidence-based design and planning (EBDP). It emphasizes the necessity for a well-defined framework to embed spatial analytical methods grounded in strong theory within EBDP, enabling a more widespread application in practice, especially in contexts where it is not yet commonly used.

Disclaimer: The TWIN2EXPAND Project is funded by the European Union under grant agreement 101078890 and by the UKRI under grant numbers 10052856 and 10050784. Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency (REA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.